A study into Biodiesel as an alternative fuel Free Essays

Except for hydroelectricity and nuclear energy, the majority of the present-day world’s energy needs are fulfilled by fossil fuels such as petrochemical fuels, coal and various natural gases. These fossil fuels sources are finite and judging from the current usage rates are in danger of depleting shortly. Also the two renewable sources used currently i. We will write a custom essay sample on A study into Biodiesel as an alternative fuel or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. hydroelectricity and nuclear energy cannot be used as fuels in transport vehicles majority of which are run using fossil fuels. Because of the large and increasing levels of energy requirement demands in both the industrial and domestic sector, as well as the increased pollution problems because of using fossil fuels have made it necessary to develop renewable energy sources that would last limitlessly and would cause less harm to the environment than the traditional fossil fuels. This requirement has fueled the interest in alternative sources to petroleum-based fuels. One such alternative is to use oils of plant origin which is known as biodiesel. Biodiesel is a biodegradable and non-toxic fuel and has low emission profiles as compared to petroleum diesel (Meher, Vidyasagar Naik, 2004:249-250). Using converted vegetable oils and animal fats as an alternative to Petrol-Diesel fuel has been around for decades. In fact the use vegetable oil for diesel engines is almost as old as the diesel engine itself. The original Diesel engine was designed to run on cheap vegetable oils. The engine was commonly demonstrated running on peanut oil. Most of the present day diesel engines can in fact run on biodiesel without using any special equipment. The importance of biodiesel as an attractive fuel is increasing due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources (Knothe, Dunn Bagby, n.d:1). This dissertation is a study into the use of biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels by focusing on the various aspects of biodiesel and its use. The study will focus on understanding the various reasons for going in for alternative fuels in detail, study the engine performance using biodiesel fuels, assess the compatibility of biodiesel and fossil fuels, study the production process of biodiesel in detail, analyze the emission levels using biodiesel as fuel, and study the advantages and limitations of using biodiesel. What is Biodiesel? Biofuels can be defined as liquid fuels produced from biomass for either transport or burning purposes. They can be produced from agricultural and forest products, and biodegradable portion of industrial and municipal waste. It is generally held that biofuels offer many benefits, including sustainability, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and security of supply. Various scenarios have led to the conclusion that biofuels will be in widespread use in the future energy systems. Biofuels can be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels through thermo-chemical and biological methods. Hence, a variety of fuels can be produced from biomass resources including liquid fuels such as methanol, biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels are primarily use din vehicles but can also be used in engines or fuels cells for electricity generation. The figure below shows the types of biofuels. Definitions The term biodiesel is a combination of two terms: the Greek word for life ‘bio’ and ‘diesel’ from the last name of the inventor Rudolf Diesel. The term refers to the diesel equivalent, processed fuel derived from biological sources. It is a cleaner-burning diesel replacement fuel made from natural and renewable sources such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is the name for a variety of ester-based oxygenated fuels from renewable biological sources. It can be made from processed organic oils and fats. Chemically, biodiesel is defined as the monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from renewable biolipids. In general terms, biodiesel may be defined as a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil that meets the specifications of ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) D 6751. While in technical terms, biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel comprised of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100 and meeting the requirements of ASTM D 6751 (Demirbas, 2008:114; Shrivastava Jain published in Kumar Nehar 2007:32). Properties of Biodiesel Biodiesel is a clear amber-yellow colored liquid with a viscosity similar to that of petrodiesel. Biodiesel is non-inflammable and in contrast to petrodiesel is non-explosive, with a flash point of 423K for biodiesel as compared to 337K for petrodiesel. Unlike, petrodiesel, biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic and also significantly reduces toxic and other emissions when burned in a fuel. However, it is more expensive than petrodiesel, which appears to be the primary factor in preventing its more widespread use (Demirbas, 2008:115). The figure below shows the main technical properties of biodiesel. How to cite A study into Biodiesel as an alternative fuel, Papers

Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Cessation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Cessation. Answer: Introduction Health behavior is a person's beliefs and actions regarding their health and wellbeing. People have different beliefs and perceptions concerning their health. This explains why different people take different precautions when it comes to their health. Health behavior also determines the diet preferences of a person since the food that a person consumes influences their health greatly (Martin, Haskard-Zolnierek,DiMatteo, 2010).The health behavior of an individual determines how whether or not they are living a healthy lifestyle. The health behavior discussed in this report is smoking tobacco. Smoking tobacco is a habit that has detrimental effects on the health of a human being ( Institute of Medicine (U.S.), Bonnie, Stratton Wallace, 2007). This report discusses the steps taken to change the tobacco smoking behavior. The decisional balance matrix is used to identify the positive and negative aspects of the health behavior. A habit that needs change: Tobacco smoking habit Good things about behavior Smoking prevents Ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis inflammatory bowel disease which is caused by the immune system attacking the gut. Smoking tobacco protects against Parkinson`s disease Tobacco smoking suppresses appetite and hence prevents obesity Good things about quitting smoking By quitting smoking, a person can breathe more easily and reduces coughing (Glanz, RimerViswanath, 2015).It means that their lung capacity improves by more than 10%. By quitting tobacco smoking, the blood circulation of an individual improves Energy levels in the body increase when a person is quitting and hence making a person more active ( Gochman, 2007). Quitting smoking is beneficial to an individual since the stress levels of an individual reduce significantly Quitting smoking improves individual's sex life. Improves senses of smell and taste Makes skin look young since it reduces aging Increases the lifespan of an individual and their general health Not so good things about tobacco smoking Causes breathing difficulties Brings about respiratory-related illnesses such as liver cancer( In Lillar, In Christopoulou, 2015) Tobacco smoking affects the heart Causes increased blood pressure and diabetes Incidences of erectile dysfunction are common among smokers Brings about social problems such as breaking of marriages Tobacco smoking brings about renal diseases and complications( Lluch, 2009). Smoking of tobacco affects breath and causes teeth discoloration Tobacco smoking has psychological effects on the users Not so good things about quitting tobacco smoking Withdrawal effects may cause a person to become less active By stopping smoking instantly, an individual can experience problems in seeing or may get constant headaches (Brizer Overdrive Inc, 2011) Brings about dizziness Increase in anxiety and mental confusion Depression The items on the list are equally important. It is because the items have a huge impact on the behavior change of an individual. To quit smoking, it is important to understand the pros and cons of quitting smoking ( Edberg, 2015). It is analyzed by determining the effects of tobacco smoking on health. The potential good things about smoking are also analyzed to weigh the two and determine whether or not the health behavior should be changed. By giving the items on the list equal importance or consideration, the need for behavior change can be determined and hence help to initiate the process of behavior change. From the analysis of the pros and cons of tobacco smoking using the decision matrix model, it is easy to gauge the motivation to change the behavior. Motivation to quit smoking is very high. It is because the cons of smoking are more than the pros of smoking. The disadvantage of tobacco smoking to health are very many compared to the good things experienced with smoking.The motivation for changing the smoking behavior is guided by the need to live a healthy lifestyle and avoid the shortcomings that come with the smoking habit. The smoking habit has much health, social and psychological effects on a smoker have a huge negative impact on health and hence the great motivation to achieve the change in behavior( Little, SillenceJoinson, 2016). My score of readiness to change is 4 out of 5. I think it is very important to quit smoking because the habit has already started affecting my health and am already addicted. I have huge confidence that I will change because I before I never understood the effects that smoking has on my health. I gave myself four and not three or two because I have the will and passion for changing since having been thinking about quitting smoking for a while now ( Owens, 2015). I will also get professional advice to quit smoking and hence the huge confident I have in quitting the habit. I think it is very important for me to change the smoking habit to avoid suffering the effects of poor health that come to some a result of smoking. My score on the importance of changing the behavior is five out of five. It is because I understand how cigarette smoking affects my health and hence I think its very important to change the habit. I would give myself a higher confidence score on the confidence I have in changing the habit if I changed the friends with whom I spend most of my time. It is because most of them are smokers and hence may affect my rehabilitation program. Conclusion The pros of smoking include preventing Parnkington disease, suppresses appetite and hence preventing obesity. Another importance of smoking is that it prevents Ulcerative colitis. The cons of smoking habit are however more and have a great effect more than the pros. Tobacco smoking causes blood pressure and liver diseases, psychological problems as well as social problems. I have great confidence that I will be able to change the behavior because am committed to begin physical exercise and to keep myself busier to help reduce the number of cigarettes is smoke per day. I believe it is important for me to quit smoking because of the potential negative health effects that it has on my health. References Brizer, D., Overdrive Inc. (2011). Quitting Smoking For Dummies. S.I.: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Edberg, M. C. (2015). Essentials of health behavior: Social and behavioral theory in public health. Glanz, K., Rimer, B. K., Viswanath, K. (2015). Health behavior: Theory, research, and practice. Health Behavior Change: Theories, Methods,and Interventions. (2017). Routledge. Institute of Medicine (U.S.)., Bonnie, R. J., Stratton, K. R., Wallace, R. B. (2007). Ending the tobacco problem: A blueprint for the nation. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. In Gochman, D. S. (2007). Handbook of Health Behavior Research IV: Relevance for Professionals and Issues for the Future. In Lillard, D. R., In Christopoulou, R. (2015). Life-course smoking behavior: Patterns and national context in ten countries. Little, L., Sillence, E., Joinson, A. (2016). Behavior Change Research and Theory: Psychological and Technological Perspectives. Saint Louis: Elsevier Science. Lluch, A. (2009). Simple Principles to quit smoking. San Diego, Calif: WS Publishing Group. Martin, L. R., Haskard-Zolnierek, K. B., DiMatteo, M. R. (2010). Health behavior change and treatment adherence: Evidence-based guidelines for improving healthcare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Owens, C. L. (2015). Nicotine dependence, smoking cessation and effects of secondhand smoke.

Theory Drilling Machines Flashcard

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10 ways to improve efficiency as a recruiter to get ahead

10 ways to improve efficiency as a recruiter to get ahead Attention recruiters- as the folks who are at the front lines for ensuring that companies and organizations are staffed with the best and brightest employees available, your jobs are critical to their success.LinkedIn published an article that provided compelling reasons why recruiters today are key to organizations: â€Å"Now, in today’s economic environment and marketplace,  recruiters are more important than ever, especially for those companies that are able to find and secure the services of an experienced search firm with an extensive track record of success.† The author reasons that superstar candidates can be difficult to find and court, as they usually receive multiple offers from top-level organizations and often need to be wooed and properly recruited in order to get them to seriously consider joining an organization.The Balance recently released an article that highlights tips for ensuring that recruiters perform their roles as effectively as possible- use these tips to maximize your efficiency and success.1. Improve your candidate pool.A better talent pool will bring better talent to your organization. In order to make sure you’re searching for the best potential candidates regardless of the position you’re hiring for, make sure you do the following: invest time to forge relationships with college and university career placement offices and executive search firms, use professional association resources and network at professional industry events, keep an eye out for strong potential candidates on online job boards, and take full advantage of available resources on LinkedIn and other online social media outlets.2. Hire the sure thing.As a recruiter you have to trust your instincts. Untested new potential talent that grabs your attention could be a smart gamble, but it is a risk- do you want to put your reputation on the line for a roll of the dice? When you come across real talent with a proven track record, background, and skillset you’ll know it, and these are the sorts of individuals you should go after.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});3. Look in-house first.Always work to make sure that your company is using its existing staff resources to its fullest potential before looking outside for talent. Why? Because in-house candidates have already been tried and tested on some level and already have a feel for how the organization operates. Plus, you know how they’ll fit into the company’s culture, which is always a big question mark when bringing someone new aboard. On top of this, if you go â€Å"outside first† and existing staff gets the feeling that new opportunities that arise aren’t open to them, they may start looking for their next big opportunities elsewhere.4. Help build your company’s rep.Sure, a big part of your job as a recruiter is to hunt for and source top talent from far and wide, but if your company has a re p as being a fantastic place to work, top talent will flock to you- making your job much easier and letting you be more effective and efficient.5. Get other employees involved.Although it’s important for any recruiter worth their paycheck to have an extensive network of contacts and professional insiders in the industry they’re hiring for, if you utilize the networks and contacts of fellow employees your universe will expand exponentially- opening you up to a world of new and potentially valuable candidates.6. Offer more.This one seems obvious, but it bears repeating because it’s such a core tenet of human behavior and recruitment psychology. If you want to lure top talent in any industry, you have to be more than competitive regarding the pay package being offered. Make sure to stay on top of industry trends regarding compensation, and make sure that your company is at the head of the pack in terms of offerings.7. Use your perks to your advantage.Beyond the pay package, does your company offer any additional perks to attract potential candidates? Everything from reimbursement for continuing education to vacation discounts and free snacks/meals can help attract top talent and sway them your way when making a job decision, and you never know how important a perk may be to someone who’s considering working at your company- so be sure to play all of your perk cards when recruiting.8. Hire for strengths.Hiring strong people may seem like another obvious point, but you’d be surprised by how many recruiters ignore this fundamental fact and go after an unorthodox candidate who could potentially be a positive disruptor of the status quo in their organizations- which could backfire fantastically. What does The Balance recommend? â€Å"Hire for strengths; don’t expect to develop weak areas of performance, habits, and talents. Build on what is great about your new employee in the first place.†9. Make the most of your compa ny website.A great website will attract new talent to your company, making your job easier. If there’s a clear, well designed, and user friendly career section with information on open job opportunities, even better. Any worthy potential candidate will check out your company’s website- likely before an interview but undoubtedly after one. A weak or sloppy website will not be a check mark in the pro column for candidates thinking about whether to work at your company.10. Check references.Even if you’re completely dazzled by the resume of a potential candidate and are eager to get them on board as quickly as possible, take a pause and be sure to devote the time needed to do an extensive reference check. This is always time well spent, and you may learn some information about a candidate that could affect your initial decision.Bottom line: The more efficiently you do your job as a recruiter, the more your company benefits- both in the short term and the long run. U se the tips presented here to take your recruiting efforts to the next level. Good luck, and happy hunting!

Pursa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pursa - Essay Example What can explain this drop in voter interest? It just might be that the educated masses of this country, among them the large middle class, are just tired of seeing new faces but no change in policy. Hence they decide that it does not make a difference, and it is better just not to vote. It matters not whether the elected Presidents are Republican or Democrat, they continue making the same noises and go through the same motions, when the truth is that the only needs that are being served are those of the capitalists and the corporations they own. Among the many critiques of democracy as a system of Government are that it just counts the number of votes, and does not weigh them. Thus the vote of a poor illiterate farmer would be equal in importance to that of a college educated graduate (Dahl, 1989, 12). Secondly, the corporations and the capitalists have so ruined the transparency of the system that it does not matter who gets elected to the Presidency, the funding of both participan ts ensures that the interests of the big corporations and their owners are kept uppermost. For all his rhetoric about change, President Obama has not managed to get us out of the financial crisis that has enveloped America due to the sub-prime mortgage fiasco and risk exposures that resulted in the collapse of Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch and others. Despite the bailout packages that rescued some banking institutions and the automobile industry in Detroit, the major loss was still to the American public who lost their homes, cars and jobs in an economic downturn that still persists. Unemployment is still at 9 percent in some States and public confidence at an all time low. The real problem lies in the system itself. If bankers can go on robbing the public through first making loans to clients with high default risks, pocketing fees and commissions in the

How to Be a Better Learner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to Be a Better Learner - Essay Example The researcher states that every one of us has his own unique good or bad style of learning new things. Learning preferences change depending upon past experience more than the cognitive differences. â€Å"Style changes over time†, says Dr. Sarah Church. While it is possible to recognize different essential features of a learning style, it must be known that the learning process modifies with the passage of time at the individual level. Robotham also asserts that once students develop a learning style, they tend to refine that style based on three factors: unconscious modifications made by the learner himself, conscious modifications made by the learner, and modifications made by some outside element. The researcher’s past experience tells him that he has adapted quite a few learning styles over time. When the author was a child, he used to enjoy the audio learning style because he enjoyed listening to poems over the cassette player when he had to learn them. But today, the author categorizes himself as a visual independent learner and an assimilator of Kolb’s learning styles. Independent learning is the type of learning in which the learner takes charge of his learning process, according to Holec. This learning style makes the learner responsible as he knows that he is accountable to himself of the consequences. Independent learners are able to make a decision and make informed choices without relying on their teachers and colleagues. Dependent learning style is one in which the learner only does what is required and shows little curiosity in knowing more. Dependent learners are always looking up to their peers, teachers and authority figures for support and guidance.

Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans Essay - 1

Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans - Essay Example ntiation generic strategy with the market development grand strategy that would be instrumental in increasing the market share and financial income by as much as 20% per annum for the 3rd year and too increase further to 30% from the 4th to 5th years. Implementation of Differentiation Generic Strategy: (1) Caribou should enhance visibility with the positive attributes at the core of their mission and vision statements (Bockstedt & Goh, 2012, p. 237) by increasing advertisements and promotional efforts; (2) Caribou should build customer loyalty through differentiating the Caribou brand from other specialty coffee brands in terms of focusing on the quality advantage; (3) Caribou should not only focus on satisfying customers; but more so, on delighting them and providing them with exemplary personalized experience as they purchase the company’s products. approximately 7 new stores per annum for the 3rd to 4th years and to increase to 10 stores per annum starting on the 5th year; (2) Caribou is renovating the current store within the Chicago market; (3) it will reintroduce a unique brand to the residents that has a customized Chicago-centric look and taste; (4) Caribou should expand beyond United States and would start operation in the Middle East, Colombia, and some parts of Europe starting from the 3rd year to the 5th year time period. From among the noted activities for the strategies identified, the following are emphasized: (1) development of a franchising pipeline in the non-traditional locations like airports, offices, and hospitals within United States; (2) opening of new stores within strategic locations in the U.S.; (3) renovation of the Chicago store; (4) expansion to international markets. The milestones include: (1) the expansion which would mark the company first-owned store for the past five years; (2) expanding into international markets; and (3) renovating the current store in the Chicago market. Current and future resources would be primarily